The history of biological and medical sciences traces the evolution of our understanding of life, from the earliest observations in antiquity (Egyptian medicine, Hippocrates, Galen, Arab-Muslim medicine) to the modern scientific revolution, with major advances such as microscopy (Hooke, Leeuwenhoek), cell theory (Schleiden, Schwann), experimental physiology (Claude Bernard), biochemistry (Spallanzani) and molecular biology, marking a transition from descriptive natural sciences to experimental and integrated disciplines such as biology and modern medicine.
- Enseignant: NARIMEN BENHABYLES